After the Council of Ephesus came another theory known as Monophysite, or Eutychianism, which was characterized by a concept of Christ precisely opposite Nestorius.
Eutyches, the keynote speaker, argued that the original human nature of Jesus was transformed in the divine nature in the Incarnation, with the result that the human Jesus and the divine Christ became a person and nature. Affirmed the unity of the self, but so were fused the two natures, in practice, they lost their individual identity.
met In 451 the Council of Chalcedon. Intended to address the Nestorian and Monophysite, and condemned both. Both Nestorius and Eutyches rejected the council's decision, and founded independent sects of Christianity and Arius had done more than a century earlier.
The Council of Chalcedon affirmed the perfect divinity and perfect humanity of Christ, declaring of one substance with the Father according to His divine nature and consubstantial with us according to His human nature, yet without sin.
identity was preserved in nature and said the two were distinct, unadulterated, immutable, indivisible, inseparable. It recognized the divinity, not humanity, as the basis of the personality of Christ. Because the person of Christ is a union of two natures, the suffering of the God-man was truly infinite suffered in his human nature, not his divine nature, but the passion was infinite because the person is infinite.
What later became known as the Symbol of Chalcedon reads in part:
"Following, then, the Fathers, all with one voice teach that is to confess one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, the same perfect in divinity and perfect in humanity itself , truly God and truly man the same rational soul and body, consubstantial with the Father as regards divinity, and the same consubstantial with us according to humanity, like us in all things, except sin [Heb . 4:15]; begotten of the Father before all ages as to the divinity, and in recent days, for us and for our salvation, born of the Virgin Mary, Mother of God, about humanity, which must recognize to one and the same only-begotten Son, Lord Christ in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation, by no means erased the difference in nature because of the union, but maintaining, rather, each owned nature and concurring in one person and one hypostasis. "
As a result of the Council of Chalcedon was perpetuated and intensified the schism in the East.
Finally, the emperor Justice, convinced that the security of the empire required a solution problem, permanently closed the schools of Antioch and Alexandria, the two centers of controversy.
The Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the church decided to remove by force Monophysitism, which became a permanent schism continued until today in Christian sects such as the Jacobites, the Copts and the Abyssinians. Confirming
Symbol of Chalcedon, the church made a definite distinction between orthodoxy and heterodoxy.
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